Caves & Craters Part I

Death doesn’t heed timelines or care about your plans. For the second time in about half a decade, we had a nonrefundable vacation uprooted by a close family death in June of 2023. While a trip is inconsequential compared to a loss, the odds of this happening twice are baffling. After a tiring day of funeral-related socializing and public speaking, neither of us had any desire to pack or travel to Oregon, but just a few hours after we arrived at our destination, a particularly exquisite sunset changed our attitudes. Here’s the details on that sunset and the captivating darkness that followed.

Crater Lake National Park, a destination we’d never been to, was the reason we planned this ill-timed outing. We used Klamath Falls, which is about 45 minutes from the park, as our base. Unexpectedly, some nearby “filler” attraction surpassed Crater Lake on our list of favorites. How can that be? Read on, and you shall see.

Lake of the Woods
Lake of the Woods is popular with recreationists, but we didn’t see many of them.

Sandwiched between dormant volcanoes and calderas in the crest of the Cascade Mountains sits the High Lakes, a series of scenic lagoons dotting swaths of charming forest. The first thing we did after arriving in Klamath Falls was hike five miles amongst those High Lakes. We skirted the shores of the Great Meadow, 500 acres that flood seasonally when Lake of the Woods overflows, to Lake of the Woods. Lake of the woods is a popular body of water for canoeing, fishing, and swimming. We saw evidence of its popularity as we passed campgrounds but little in way of people on the trail.

Mt. McLoughlin
A glorious sunset can change your outlook in a tangerine blaze.

Looming in the skyline during this hike was the symmetrical face of Mt. McLoughlin, a 9,495-foot stratovolcano. Mt. McLoughlin began erupting 200,000 years ago. Nearby sits its much younger volcano brother, Brown Mountain. These volcanoes, particularly Mt. McLoughlin, made the setting magical as the setting sun turned the Great Meadow into a fiery mirror. Somewhere in those moments, our outlook changed from emotional and physical exhaustion to wonder and curiosity. Nature will do that to you.

Schonchin Butte Lookout
Schonchin Butte Lookout was built by the CCC in 1940 for fire surveillance.

The next day, we crossed the California border to visit Lava Beds National Monument. Why Lava Beds? I read a bit in a book about Crater Lake to prepare for this trip, and it mentioned Lava Beds National Monument as another spot you could visit close by. Although we had no idea what Lava Beds consisted of, we were game for finding out. Lava Beds turned out to be an amazing place, far more interesting and adventurous than expected.

Mount Shasta
From the lookout on Schonchin Butte, several volcanoes are visible, including Mount Shasta.

Lava Beds contains the highest concentration of lava caves in the continental United States owing largely to its location on the Medicine Lake Volcano, a massive shield volcano. Over 400 caves have been named in the monument. Two hundred of these have been explored to some extent, and about 100 have been mapped out. Visitors are free to explore 21 of the mapped caverns. Although the number of caves in Lava Beds is impressive, the best thing about them is what’s underfoot.

Schonchin Butte
Schonchin Butte was formed 65,000 years ago during an eruption of scoria, glassy rock loaded with gas bubbles.

In the 1920s and 30s, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) made considerable improvements to a number of the caves in the monument. How does one improve a lava cave? If you’ve ever hiked through one before, you will no doubt recall it as a rough experience with a lot of painful boulder scrambling. They typically are littered with chunks of sharp volcanic rock that has fallen from their ceilings. At Lava Beds, thousands of tons of stone were removed from tunnels either by hand or block and tackle systems using the light of gasoline lanterns. Openings were also expanded in some cases to allow for easier access.

Mushpot Cave
Mushpot is heavily trafficked but does provide insights into features encountered in other caves.

What remains when rock debris is taken from a lava cave? It turns out, a whole heck of a lot. Stalactites, ribbed walls, benches, shelves, and flow lines all become visible. We also found shimmering veins of gold and silver created by colonies of actinomycete bacteria. So cool!

Before we proceeded down at Lava Beds, we went up. The Schonchin Butte Trail leads 0.7 miles up a 500-foot cinder cone to a lookout created by the CCC for fire surveillance. Although this hike is a steady climb and not particularly shaded, it isn’t too difficult. That day, the cone’s hillside was a contrasting canvas of lavender and canary-colored grasses and flowers.

exploring Sunshine
There is something intoxicating about exploring.

Our first cave at Lava Beds was Mushpot. Mushpot is 770 feet long but is easily accessed as it’s paved and lighted for its entire extent. Rangers recommend visiting this cave first as an intro to the system. It contains a fireplace once used by a bootlegger and the stony remnants of lava splatter but is otherwise fairly dull compared to other tubes. However, its many signs provide ample information on the monument’s caves that comes in handy as you continue to explore.

Sunshine Cave
Sunshine Cave is smaller than most of the others, but its lava features are distinctly intact.

Following Mushpot, we checked out Sunshine. Sunshine Cave includes a skylight, a residual opening to the surface that was there when lava was flowing in the tube. This skylight supplies illumination to sections of the cave, so some diehard cavers might complain about it making the cave less… well, dark. Yet, we found the opening fascinating and fun. This was our favorite cave of the day.

Sunshine’s skylight
Sunshine’s skylight isn’t a cave-in but an element that was present when the tube was still lava filled.

At 1,635 feet, Valentine was the longest cave we explored. Valentine felt much grander than Sunshine with large columns and expansive rooms. It also felt tiny in places, which is why I eventually decided to turn around not far from the end.

Valentine Cave
Valentine Cave was discovered on Valentine’s Day.

Skull Cave, the last cavern we entered, has a huge 60-foot opening coated with course chunks of stones. This massive entrance is just one of the cave’s three levels. Its bottom level contains the Ice Chamber, an extensive slab of perennial ice of unknown depth. This ice is what the bighorns, mountain goats, antelopes, and two humans, whose remains were found in the cave upon its discovery, were seeking when they perished. And yes, that is why it is named Skull Cave. The water in the lower levels of the cave is kept cool enough to remain frozen because cold air sinks and hot air rises. Meaning, the cold air in the lower sections is only warm enough to rise when temperatures outside are even colder. Hence, this is a chilly cave!

Skull Cave
Skull Cave, a multilevel cavity, has one of the largest entrances in the monument.

Lava Beds deserves to be more than just a resting stop on the route between Crater Lake and Lassen. It is unlike any other cave system we’ve been to with floors of petrified volcanic flow ranging from rigid cauliflower to ropey waves. It was the highlight of our vacation, particularly because it wasn’t crowded. For the inquisitive and adventurous, Lava Beds is an unbelievable place.

Sunshine’s bling
Colonies of bacteria called actinomycete combine mysteriously with water and light to create a sheen of metallic sparkle in sections of the caves.

Now that I have covered our surprise favorite, I will next turn my attention to the attraction that prompted us to Oregon in the first place, Crater Lake National Park.

Wet Capitol

Posts about deserts aren’t usually brimming with water, but this one is so soaked I had to look up synonyms for rain before writing it. Those substitutes include shower, torrent, flood, deluge, drizzle, downpour, stream, and barrage. Since the following paragraphs are flooded, I will try to use that overflow of synonyms as frequently as appropriate so you don’t have to read through rain in every other sentence. With that introduction, let the barrage commence.

Last June, we traveled to Capitol Reef National Park with Jason’s parents even though we’d visited the park just a month earlier. We left on this vacation thinking the weather would ruin our trip, frequent rain was forecasted. It did not impair experiences. Instead, it added a wet layer of wonder to our outing.

Sunset Point
Sunset Point overlooks Sulfur Creek, which feeds into the Fremont River near Sunset Point.

We made it to the park just in time to hike to Sunset Point (0.6 miles RT) and Panorama Point (0.1 miles RT- so barely getting out of the car) before dark. Clouds obscured the sun shortly after we arrived at Sunset Point, and the wind stayed busy. However, we’d been in a downpour our entire drive to Capitol Reef, so we were just happy that had halted. Don’t worry though, I promise this story won’t leave you high and dry.

a transitory spectacle
We encountered this transitory waterfall just beyond the path to Hickman Bridge.

A 70% chance of rain and temperatures reaching the mid-sixties were predicted for the following day. The highest probability of precipitation started at 10:00 AM and extended until about 6:00 in the evening- so basically all day. Thankfully, the forecast had shifted by the time we headed into the park for no showers to occur until 5:00 PM. The delay of the storm turned out to be more wish than reality; I can personally verify Capitol Reef got exceptionally damp about 2:30, but let’s not get ahead of ourselves.

The skies were sunnier than expected as we ate delicious pies at the Gifford Homestead and took the boardwalk parallel to Highway 24 to see the Fremont Culture petroglyphs along the cliff wall. Afterward, we had plans to hike to Hickman Bridge (1.75 miles RT), one of the most popular destinations in Capitol Reef. The trek turned out to be anything but standard that afternoon.

weird water
We found water in weird places during our entire trek to Hickman Bridge.

Just as we were about to leave our vehicle and head onto the trail, it started pouring. Not a mid pour but a robust pour. So, we jumped back into the car and waited until it downgraded to just regular rain. After about 10 minutes, ponchos in place, we finally headed up. As we reached the first plateau topped by the path, we were surprised to hear what sounded like a waterfall. Jason and I had never noticed a waterfall on our previous treks to Hickman Bridge, so it was a bit disorienting to hear one close by. (How could we have missed a waterfall before?) It turned out that we had correctly identified the noise despite its strange placement. A normally dry wash was flowing with an abundant stream of water. Where it fell from a high spout, a waterfall about 20 feet tall had been created. It was the first of many unusual scenes we would witness that day.

Hickman Bridge
Hickman Bridge is similar in dimension to the bridges in Natural Bridges National Monument.

The weather gradually cleared, and by the time we got to Hickman Bridge, it was sunny enough for all jackets to be removed. However, as we started to descend, storm clouds rapidly encroached, and thunder began rumbling. Within a few minutes, we found ourselves again in the middle of a soaking. We watched a wash, which had completely dried from the previous outburst in the time it took for us to get to the bridge, begin to fill up once more. It never quite got to a flowing point, but water was flowing chaotically elsewhere around us. Most astonishingly, it started streaming down the towering cliffsides encircling us in gushing waterfalls, particularly Navajo Dome. It was magical! The weather wasn’t what we would have picked, but in some ways, it was even better. With our ponchos in place, we got to enjoy this spectacular show with minimum wetness. Other hikers we passed were not prepared and spent the deluge huddled under rocks.

sandstone spurts
Within minutes of shower commencement, the walls around us were flowing.

The next day, we decided to undertake the Chimney Rock Loop (3.6 miles RT). The high was 60 and the rain drizzly during this trek. Unlike the day before, the precipitation stayed with us for two hours instead of just downpouring and departing. We didn’t see any flash flooding and only saw other groups at the beginning of the hike.

the Waterpocket wonderland
Conservationists working toward getting Capitol Reef designated a national park initially wanted it to be called Wayne Wonderland.

On a dry interlude, when in Torrey, the closest town to Capitol Reef, certain food obligations must be met. One must eat at Capitol Burger, Hunt & Gather, and Hell’s Backbone Grill. We hit all three. Capitol Burger is an unassuming food truck with uncommonly good reviews and uncommonly good burgers. To reach Hell’s Backbone Grill, one must travel an hour up Boulder Mountain, a tricky road to navigate thanks to the grazing cattle and prolific deer. The Jenchiladas and desert-rubbed cauliflower are completely worth it! At Hunt & Gather, a newer place located where Café Diablo used to be, we sat out on a covered patio and experienced a sudden onslaught of rain just as the sun was setting. Rain clinking against a tin roof ain’t a bad accompaniment to cast iron asparagus and Marsala tenderloin.

poncho prepared
Being always prepared means packing more. It also means not getting soaked with every cloudburst.

The showers finally dissipated the following day, the first day we didn’t get rained on during this trip or our trip to Colorado the week before. Temperatures were perfect, in the low 70s, but it still felt a little too warm on occasion when heat was coming off sundrenched rocks. We hiked the Fremont River Trail, which starts out as a river meander then climbs steadily up the side of a plateau to two viewpoints. Some trail guides show the path ending at the first overlook. Don’t believe them. The second vantage point is the better of the two with fantastic prospects of Fruita and the sandstone domes above it. Most websites list this trail’s length at just two miles RT, but going to the second viewpoint will make the journey more like 2.6.

Fremont River Trail
From the end of the Fremont River Trail, Fruita and the irregular vaults of sandstone beyond it are on display.

After another Capitol Burger and the departure of Jason’s parents, Jason and I decided to hike through Capitol Gorge to The Tanks, which is a mile each way. Capitol Gorge is mostly just a mellow walk in a wide wash, but it does have a couple points of interest, namely a wall of petroglyphs (many of which have been damaged by nature or man) and the Pioneer Register. The Pioneer Register is a cliff that was used by explorers and settlers between 1871 and 1946 to inscribe names and dates as they passed by. This wall has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1999. Like the petroglyphs, it too appeared to have been defaced by modern morons.

Pioneer Register
Starting in 1871, explorers, pioneers, herdsmen, prospectors, and surveyors scratched their names on this wall in Capitol Gorge while standing on the tops of their wagons.

The Tanks, a series of water collecting bowls and our destination in Capitol Gorge, felt underwhelming at first glance. The largest of the three was completely dry even with the recent rain. However, as we were heading back, we discovered a more interesting grouping of tanks and a natural bridge, which had once been the wall of a tank, hidden lower down the same gully as the obvious three.

The Tanks
The Tanks, a series of small water-collecting basins, were dry on our visit despite the recent rain, but we did find a more intriguing string of pots and bridges obscured in the gully below them.

By way of advice, the gnats in Capitol Gorge are bad! If we stopped to take a picture, they swarmed us. We both got quite a few bites. Were they only present because of the recent precipitation, or are they permanent residents of the gorge? (I don’t remember dealing with them last time we were in Capitol Gorge.) Maybe bringing a head net would be a good idea on this hike.

Since I’m already giving advice, I might as well give one more piece regarding pies. The Gifford Homestead, a historic building inside the park, contains a pie shop. It goes through 20-30 dozen (240-360) pies every day. The pies are usually sold out by about 2:00 in the afternoon. On Saturdays, they are often gone before then. I am a pie snob, and these pies are worth the bother. So, if you are a crust connoisseur like me, I’d recommend hitting the Gifford Homestead by early afternoon to guarantee a flaky selection.

Rain is often considered the enemy of outdoor activities. Storms dash plans under their prolific drips. However, experiencing Capitol Reef’s wet side, a rarity, was captivating and unforgettable. It was good down to the last drop!

Ghosts, Teeth, and Nymphs

Road trips, thanks to the closeness they enforce, can be a great way to facilitate conversations on life’s most meaningful topics, like how much wood a woodchuck would chuck and so forth. As we were eager to know all the particulars about woodchucks, Jason and I instigated a lengthy drive to Fort Collins, Colorado last summer. It was a boring drive with an excellent destination, which means it was typical of the road trip genre.

Fort Collins is Colorado’s 4th-most populated city. Colorado State University is the city’s largest employer, and its research facilities have attracted multiple tech firms to the area. However, for tourists, Fort Collins’ downtown is much more of a draw than its research facilities. The streets of its sizeable, historic district are charming and contain ample dining and shopping options. (I’d recommend the chocolate shop Nuance.) Visiting downtown was first on our itinerary after arriving. Following a bit of browsing in its cute stores, what was beneath those shops, which was less cute, held our attention.

We joined a Fort Collins Ghost Tour and went below the streets to learn about the darker side (literally and figuratively) of the settlement’s early days. Underneath the oldest part of Fort Collins stretches a secret: the buildings are linked via a network of underground tunnels. I’ve found conflicting accounts on whether these tunnels were created for ordinary reasons like merchandise delivery or to facilitate the steam heating of the entire area. Whatever their purpose, they added an element of bizarreness to the already spooky subterranean spaces we visited.

Dream Lake
Dream Lake is clear enough to deserve its name.

Amongst these basements was the one belonging to the town’s original firehouse, which was built in 1881. The firehouse had an underground jail. Why underground? Its placement served to separate the diseases that flourished in its cramped quarters from the public and provide an undisturbed spot for solitary confinement. The prisoners’ morgue in the basement next door with its dirt ramp for body drop off and cold storage room for corpses was the creepiest part of the tour.

In contrast, the coolest part of the tour was the speakeasy found in the tunnels under the Northern Hotel during modern maintenance work, a leftover from the decades when alcohol was banned in Fort Collins. The old speakeasy had been blocked off shortly after its discovery for safety reasons, but the door to it was still swinging. Surprisingly, considering the current proliferation of breweries in Fort Collins, the alcohol prohibition era spanned much longer there than nationally, lasting from 1896 to 1969. The Northern Hotel was completed in 1873 and opened as the Northern in 1905, amid that prohibition. During its heyday it was frequented by celebrities like John Wayne, Vincent Price, and Franklin D. Roosevelt… and apparently, they got thirsty. In addition to all those mysterious spots, we also visited the Avery Building, which might be haunted by the ghost of businessman William Avery who might have been poisoned by his wife in 1890.

Emerald Lake
Emerald Lake is the biggest and final lake on the Emerald Lake Trail. It provides stunning views of Hallett Peak and Flattop Mountain.

The next day, we moved our explorations to Estes Park and Rocky Mountain National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park is the 4th-most-visited national park in the US due in large part to its proximity to Denver. In 2022, that equated to about 4,300,000 sightseers. As a result, you not only need an entry time reservation to get into the park between 9:00 AM and 2:00 PM but must obtain an additional reservation for the Bear Lake Road, if you want to access the area where a hefty share of the park’s most popular short hikes are located. Reservations for the Bear Lake Road can be particularly hard to come by. The overuse of the park has also impacted the staff. Many of the rangers we encountered were grouchy, probably from dealing with a surplus of confused idiots every day.

Miraculously, we were able to acquire a Bear Lake Road pass. Hence, we chose to hike 3.6 miles out-and-back to Nymph, Dream, and Emerald Lakes on one of the most trafficked trails in the park. As we were running out of time to complete this route before our next mystical rendezvous, those of us who wanted to go all the way to Emerald Lake needed to make the return 1.8 miles in 22 minutes. We managed to arrive back at the trailhead only five minutes late by running the entire way down and averaging about 13:30 per mile. Overall impression of Rocky Mountain on this visit? Beautiful as always but way too many people.

Horsetooth Falls
Horsetooth Falls, a 20-foot cascade, is popular, but its flow of visitors is nothing compared to the crowds streaming in Rocky Mountain.

That evening, we upgraded from the natural to the supernatural on a ghost tour at the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park per the request of some of the youngsters in the group. While about half of us had done this tour before, our guide this time made it a much scarier experience. She used the power of suggestion to alter perceptions and bring imagined sensations into reality. Still, the kids had a blast and were thrilled to try out their new spirit box.

Our hike the next day was much more satisfying than Rocky Mountain, despite its lesser renown. We traversed about 6.5 miles in the Horsetooth Mountain Open Space visiting Horsetooth Falls and the top of Horsetooth Rock, which has an elevation of 7,256 feet, via the Horsetooth Falls, Spring Creek, and Wathen Trails.

Horsetooth Rock
Horsetooth Mountain is topped by a distinctive pegmatite formation known as Horsetooth Rock.

Our time in Fort Collins came to an end the next day and all that was left was the tedious drive home. During that drive, we stopped at the Wyoming Territorial Prison State Historic Site. Although this was intended to be a brief stop, we stayed for a couple hours and still didn’t get a chance to read most of the signs. If you find yourself in its vicinity, it’s a fun and informative place to take a break.

As a side note, it was pouring when we got to the prison and, oh yeah, our whole trip was very wet. We were rained on generously every day at some point, but we didn’t let that stop us- obviously.

top of the tooth
Getting to the top of Horsetooth Mountain requires a brief burst of bravery in crossing a somewhat sketchy ridge.

Road trips are both exciting and tedious. Through them we encounter new wonders, develop techniques for staying alert in landscapes of never-ending sagebrush, and of course, learn how much wood a woodchuck would chuck. I’m not going to give you all the answers though; I’ll let you discover those on your own road pilgrimage.